Strategic/positional In a general sense, the aim of all real sacrifices is to obtain a positional advantage. Developing sacrifices are frequently returned at some point by the opponent before the development edge can turn into a more substantial threat such as a kingside attack. Gambits typically fall into this category. Development It is common to give up a pawn in the opening to speed up one's development. The Greek gift sacrifice is a canonical example. Unless the opponent manages to fend off the attack, they are likely to lose. Real sacrifices Attack on the king A player might sacrifice a pawn or piece to get open lines around the vicinity of the opponent's king, to get a kingside space advantage, to destroy or damage the opposing king's pawn cover, or to keep the opposing king in the center. Because of the risk involved, real sacrifices are also called speculative sacrifices. In compensation for a real sacrifice, the player receives dynamic, positional, or other non-material advantages which they must capitalize on, or risk losing the game due to the material deficit. A sham sacrifice of this latter type is sometimes known as a pseudo sacrifice. In a sham sacrifice, the player offering the sacrifice will soon regain material of the same or greater value, or else force mate. In a real sacrifice, the sacrificing player will often have to play on with less material than their opponent for quite some time.Rudolf Spielmann proposed a division between sham and real sacrifices:
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